Markets enter a critical week following Friday's dramatic selloff triggered by President Trump's threat of "massive tariffs" against China over tighter rare-earth export rules. The escalating trade tensions add another layer of uncertainty to markets already navigating the ongoing government shutdown that continues to disrupt federal operations and complicate economic data releases. 

On Friday, the S&P 500 flipped to negative gamma, which could result in more volatility on the horizon.

This week marks the unofficial start of Q3 earnings season with major financial institutions including JPMorgan (JPM), Goldman Sachs (GS), and Bank of America (BAC) reporting results that will set the tone for corporate America. Wednesday's CPI report and Friday's jobs data represent crucial economic checkpoints for Federal Reserve policy expectations, while Tuesday's speech by Fed Chair Powell will be scrutinized for any acknowledgment of trade war impacts and government shutdown complications. The convergence of geopolitical tensions, political dysfunction, critical economic data, and earnings season kickoff creates one of the most volatile and consequential weeks of 2025.

Here are 5 things to watch this week in the Market.

China Tariff Escalation and Trade War 2.0

Friday's trade tensions erupted as President Trump threatened and then imposed an additional 100% tariff on Chinese goods following China's tighter rare-earth export controls, marking a significant escalation that could reshape global supply chains and corporate profit margins. Rare-earth elements are critical for everything from electric vehicles to defense systems, making China's export restrictions a strategic economic weapon that threatens key U.S. technology and manufacturing sectors. The 100% tariff represents one of the most aggressive trade actions of Trump's presidency, with potential ripple effects across semiconductors, automotive, consumer electronics, and industrial equipment. Markets initially plunged in after-hours trading before recovering somewhat on Trump's suggestion that a meeting with Xi Jinping could still occur this month, creating a volatile backdrop for the week ahead. Companies with significant China exposure or rare-earth supply chain dependencies will face intense scrutiny during earnings calls, while sectors including technology, materials, and industrials could experience heightened volatility based on any trade negotiation developments or further escalation threats throughout the week.

Financial Sector Earnings: Economy's Report Card

The week delivers a comprehensive assessment of financial sector health through major bank earnings, with JPMorgan (JPM), Goldman Sachs (GS), and Wells Fargo (WFC) reporting Tuesday, followed by Bank of America (BAC) and Morgan Stanley (MS) Wednesday, and Charles Schwab (SCHW) Thursday. These results will provide crucial insights into consumer spending patterns, business loan demand, investment banking activity, and overall economic health heading into the final quarter. Net interest margins, credit quality trends, and loan loss provisions will be particularly important for assessing whether banks see deteriorating economic conditions or continued resilience. Investment banking revenues will offer perspective on M&A activity and capital markets conditions, while wealth management results from Schwab will provide insights into retail investor sentiment and asset flows. Bank commentary about the impact of trade tensions, government shutdown effects, and Fed policy expectations could significantly influence broader market sentiment and economic forecasts.

CPI and Retail Sales: Inflation-Consumption Nexus

Wednesday's September CPI report at 8:30am represents the week's most critical economic release, providing the latest inflation assessment amid trade war escalation that could reignite price pressures through higher import costs. Both headline and core CPI will be scrutinized for evidence of continued disinflation progress or any signs that tariffs are beginning to impact consumer prices. Thursday's retail sales data will offer crucial insights into consumer spending resilience despite ongoing economic uncertainties, trade tensions, and government shutdown disruptions. The combination of inflation and spending data will help determine whether consumers are maintaining purchasing power and whether the economy can withstand multiple headwinds. Strong retail sales combined with moderating inflation would support soft landing narratives, while weak spending or accelerating prices could complicate Fed policy considerations. Thursday's PPI data will provide additional perspective on wholesale price pressures that could eventually filter through to consumers, particularly important given new tariff impacts on import costs.

Powell's Trade War and Shutdown Commentary

Tuesday's speech by Fed Chair Powell at 12:20pm takes on heightened significance following Friday's tariff escalation and amid the ongoing government shutdown that complicates economic data collection and Fed policy deliberations. Powell will be closely watched for any acknowledgment of how trade tensions might impact inflation expectations, business investment, or economic growth forecasts. The Fed Chair faces a delicate balancing act: acknowledging tariff-driven inflation risks while maintaining confidence in the economic outlook and not appearing to criticize administration trade policy. Powell's commentary about the government shutdown's impact on economic data reliability and Fed decision-making processes will be particularly important given the potential for delayed or incomplete statistics. Any hints about how trade war escalation or political dysfunction might influence the Fed's policy trajectory could trigger significant market volatility. The speech comes between major bank earnings and Wednesday's CPI report, creating potential for Powell's remarks to frame market interpretation of both corporate results and inflation data.

Technology and Healthcare Earnings Perspectives

The week features critical earnings from technology and healthcare leaders including Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) Tuesday, semiconductor equipment giant ASML (ASML) Wednesday, Taiwan Semiconductor (TSM) and surgical robotics leader Intuitive Surgical (ISRG) Thursday, and oilfield services provider Schlumberger (SLB) Friday. ASML and TSM results will be particularly important for assessing semiconductor industry health and AI infrastructure investment sustainability amid trade tensions that could disrupt chip supply chains. Both companies' exposure to China markets makes their commentary about trade impacts crucial for sector sentiment. Johnson & Johnson will provide insights into pharmaceutical pricing, medical device demand, and healthcare spending trends. Intuitive Surgical's results will offer perspective on hospital capital equipment investment and surgical procedure volumes. The diversity of sectors reporting creates opportunities to assess how different industries are navigating current economic and geopolitical challenges, with trade war commentary likely influencing stock reactions beyond company-specific fundamentals.

Best of luck this week and don't forget to check out my daily options article.